NEWSMAKER: Kabarebe, Rwanda and Congo's killing fields

* UN report says Rwandan minister as masterminded Congo

rebellion

* Kabarebe is President Kagame's right-hand man

* Rwanda denies involvement in recent Congo conflict

Oct 19 (Reuters) - Swept up in the mid-1990s in a conflict

that has killed an estimated 5 million people, former child

soldier Gabriel struggles to reconcile his feelings towards the

man who led him into battle, James Kabarebe.

"He was very disciplined. He looked after us child soldiers.

He took time to speak to us," Gabriel, who was 12 when he became

a fighter, said of Kabarebe, Rwanda's defence minister, who was

accused by the United Nations this week of fomenting war in

neighbouring Congo.

"But when someone comes and makes war, and uses child

soldiers, he can't leave anything but bad memories behind him,"

said the former fighter, who asked that his name be changed to

protect his identity.

Right-hand man to Rwandan President Paul Kagame, Kabarebe,

53, for two decades has been a central figure shaping the often

violent history of the Central African region.

He is celebrated as a hero at home for helping lead the

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) advance that stopped the 1994

Rwandan genocide in which some 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

were massacred by the army and Hutu extremist militias. The war

lifted Kagame to power in Kigali, and Kabarebe along with him.

Across the border in the vastly larger Democratic Republic

of Congo, however, Kabarebe is almost universally reviled for

his role in destabilising the mineral-rich but almost

ungovernable country at a cost of several million lives.

Rwanda vigorously denies the latest allegations contained in

the report of a panel charged with monitoring Congo's arms

embargo, which said Kabarebe has armed and given military

backing to the M23 rebel movement.

Fighting between M23 and Congo's army has displaced nearly a

half million people. The Tutsi-dominated insurgency, which took

up arms in April, is expanding its control over parts of North

Kivu province with additional financing from Rwandan businessmen

trading in smuggled Congolese minerals, the report stated.

Earlier findings in an interim report by the experts led to

a freezing of some foreign aid by the United States, Britain,

the European Union, Sweden and the Netherlands.

Repeated attempts by Reuters to obtain comment from, or

interviews with, Rwandan officials about the report's

allegations failed to elicit a response. Phone calls and text

messages to the defence minister, his spokesman, and his chief

of staff all went unanswered. A Rwandan government spokesperson

twice declined Reuters' requests for comment.

"SMART AND ABLE"

But those who know Kabarebe and how operates say the U.N.'s

findings do not come as a shock.

"I'm not the least surprised...He's smart. He's able. And

heaven knows he knows the territory," said Daniel Simpson, who

was the U.S. ambassador to Kinshasa in 1996.

That was the year Kabarebe led a mixed force of

gumboot-wearing Rwandans and ragged Congolese recruits 1,500 km

(900 miles) across Congo, then known as Zaire, to topple

longtime dictator Mobutu Sese Seko.

Kigali accused Mobutu of harbouring the instigators of the

Rwandan genocide, who had continued to launch raids into Rwanda

from Congolese territory.

The rebel army met little resistance as Mobutu's forces

crumbled, but it left a trail of massacred Rwandan Hutu refugees

in its wake, according to a comprehensive U.N. report on the

violence published in 2010.

Initially welcomed by the cheering residents of the

crumbling riverside capital Kinshasa, Kabarebe was even named

head of the army by Mobutu's successor, Laurent Desire Kabila,

the father of current president Joseph Kabila.

The alliance didn't last as Kabila - known popularly as

Mzee, the Swahili word for "elder" - balked at Rwanda's

pervasive influence in his new government.

"They behaved like conquerors. Mzee Kabila didn't like their

behaviour here," Congolese general Jean-Claude Kifwa, who knew

Kabarebe at the time, said in an interview. "Rwanda is poor

compared to Congo. They took the chance to pillage, to enrich

themselves."

The inevitable falling out came in 1998 with Kabila's order

expelling Rwandan troops from Congolese territory.

A few weeks later, Kabarebe secretly flew back across the

country in a daring operation to seize Kinshasa with a few

hundred men.

Though the plan was foiled when Angolan troops intervened in

support of Kabila, it marked the start of a war whose

aftershocks are still felt a decade on and which researchers

estimate has cost the lives of more than 5 million people.

"FIGHTING FOR THE BOSS"

A 2003 peace deal that officially ended the conflict left

Congo with an army cobbled together from dozens of armed groups,

among them several with ties to Rwanda.

"He has contact with Congolese officers everywhere," Kifwa

said of Kabarebe.

In media interviews since the U.N. experts interim report

revealed Rwandan links to the rebels, Kabarebe has said he used

these contacts in an attempt to stop the M23 mutiny in its

infancy.

However, the experts say he has instead provided the group

with direct military support, facilitated recruitment,

transferred weapons and ammunition, and encouraged Congolese

soldiers to join the insurgency.

"M23's de facto chain of command...culminates with the

Rwandan Minister of Defence General James Kabarebe," said the

experts, who monitor compliance with U.N. sanctions and an arms

embargo on the Congo.

If the U.N. report is correct and Kabarebe is indeed

orchestrating the M23 rebellion, it is unlikely he is acting

alone, said Gerard Prunier, an academic who has written

histories of both Rwanda's genocide and the war in Congo.

"Kabarebe is a fairly simple person. He's always fighting

for the boss...It's totally unthinkable, given the tight control

Kagame has, that he would go into this on his own."